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The library
46 sheets. 6 topics. All sourced.
Showing 46 of 46 sheets
Sheets
- 01Bills and charges
Network charges and agreed capacity
Why regulated network charges rose sharply in April 2026, and why the capacity you reserve is a lever most businesses have never pulled.
Verified PDF - 02Bills and charges
Non-commodity charges
Taxes, levies and regulated network charges now make up a large share of a business electricity bill, and comparing unit rates alone misses where the cost sits.
Verified PDF - 03Bills and charges
Climate Change Levy exemptions and reliefs
Who is excluded from the main rates of the Climate Change Levy, how a Climate Change Agreement reduces it, and the PP10 and PP11 forms used to claim relief.
Verified - 04Metering and data
Finding out who supplies your business energy and water
There is no single register for business supplies. How to find your electricity supplier through the network operator, your gas supplier through Find My Supplier, and your water retailer through MOSL.
Verified - 05Metering and data
The MPAN: your electricity supply number
What an MPAN is, where to find it on a business electricity bill, what its parts mean, and why every quote, contract and switch depends on it.
Verified - 06Bills and charges
The April reset, and the grid investment behind it
What resets on a business energy bill each April, why network charges are rising, and why this is regulated investment rather than a supplier price rise.
Verified PDF - 07Contracts and buying
Contract types, and how a fixed rate is built
The four business contract types, how a supplier assembles a fixed price, and why the wholesale market is no longer the larger part of an electricity rate.
Verified PDF - 08Bills and charges
Power factor and reactive charges
A poor power factor means a site draws more current than the work requires, and pays for it through reactive charges and inflated capacity.
Verified PDF - 09Bills and charges
Transmission charges, TNUoS
What TNUoS pays for, why it moves every April, and the one question worth asking a supplier before you sign.
Verified - 10Contracts and buying
Deemed and out of contract rates
What deemed, out of contract and rollover rates are, why they cost more than a contracted supply, and the discipline that keeps a business off them.
Verified PDF - 11Contracts and buying
Securing ahead of renewal
Energy can be agreed well before a contract ends. What forward securing buys, what it costs, and how to decide without guessing where prices go.
Verified PDF - 12Metering and data
Meter types explained
Half-hourly, non-half-hourly, AMR, smart and unmetered supplies, what each means for billing and data, and why the meter type decides what you can see.
Verified PDF - 13Metering and data
Smart meters and fixed contracts
From September 2027, new fixed-term contracts at smaller business sites must include a smart or advanced meter term. Which sites are covered.
Verified PDF - 14Compliance
The net zero roadmap
The order to decarbonise a building or portfolio in, and why measuring and reducing before generating and offsetting costs less.
Verified PDF - 15Compliance
Carbon reporting and the three scopes
What Scope 1, 2 and 3 actually cover, how reporting goes beyond the legal minimum, and why customers now ask for it.
Verified PDF - 16Compliance
Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting
Which companies and LLPs must disclose energy and emissions in their annual accounts, what has to be in the disclosure, and where SECR usually goes wrong.
Verified PDF - 17Compliance
EPC B by 2031, and what the law actually requires today
EPC E is the enforceable standard now. EPC B by 2031 is a proposal awaiting secondary legislation, and the EPC C by 2027 step has been dropped.
Verified PDF - 18Compliance
EPC B and co-working, where the letting obligation sits
An operator who sub-lets desks and offices can be pulled into the landlord’s seat under MEES. The test is the building, not the desk.
Verified PDF - 19Compliance
ESOS Phase 4
Who qualifies for the Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme on 31 December 2026, what Phase 4 requires, and why the group rule catches organisations out.
Verified PDF - 20Bills and charges
Reading your energy bill
What every line on a commercial gas and electricity bill means, so you can check it is right and see which parts you can influence.
Verified PDF - 21Technology
Solar PV
Why self-consumption decides solar economics, the three funding routes, and the sites where it does not stack up.
Verified PDF - 22Technology
Battery storage
Storage shifts load rather than reducing it. Where the value sits, and why this is the technology we most often advise against.
Verified PDF - 23Technology
LED lighting
Why LED is usually the most straightforward project on a site, and why the specification matters more than the headline.
Verified PDF - 24Technology
Energy waste, and where it hides
The cheapest energy is the energy never used. Where waste actually sits on a commercial site, and why overnight is the first place to look.
Verified PDF - 25Technology
Combined heat and power
How CHP works, why the spark spread decides viability, and why an oversized unit is an expensive mistake.
Verified PDF - 26Technology
Heat pumps
Heat pumps move heat rather than generate it. Whether that cuts cost as well as emissions depends on the building and on gas prices against electricity.
Verified PDF - 27Technology
Voltage optimisation
UK supply voltage sits above what much equipment needs. Whether reducing it saves anything depends entirely on what is connected.
Verified PDF - 28Compliance
Heat network compliance
Heat networks are now regulated by Ofgem. Registration by 26 January 2027 is a hard deadline, and operating without it after that date is a criminal offence.
Verified PDF - 29Contracts and buying
Regulation of energy brokers and consultants
TPI regulation explained: commission disclosure has been a licence obligation since October 2024; Ofgem regulation of brokers is not yet law.
Verified - 30Metering and data
Market-wide half-hourly settlement
Every electricity meter is moving to half-hourly settlement. What changes, when, and why it makes consumption data available where it was not before.
Verified - 31Bills and charges
The British Industrial Competitiveness Scheme and industrial electricity costs
A proposed cut to industrial electricity costs by removing policy charges, who would qualify, and why eligibility is tested at sector level.
Verified - 32Technology
EV charging for business
Charging changes a site’s load and can push demand past the capacity you are billed on. Why the capacity question comes before the charger specification.
Verified PDF - 33Bills and charges
Invoice validation
What goes wrong on energy invoices, how validation works against the contract, and why we validate for payment rather than approve.
Verified PDF - 34Contracts and buying
How to choose a business energy consultancy
A buyer's guide to choosing a UK business energy consultancy: how they are paid, what the authority permits, questions to ask and warning signs.
Verified - 35Contracts and buying
How to compare energy consultancy services
How to compare energy consultancy proposals like for like: the service types, the lines every proposal should answer and how to compare cost.
Verified - 36Bills and charges
What an invoice audit finds, and what it cannot
What an audit of business energy invoices actually tests, the evidence each test needs, and the honest limits of what it can recover.
Verified - 37Bills and charges
Recovering an overcharge from a supplier
Where energy and water overcharges come from, how a billing dispute is raised with a supplier, the evidence it needs, and what a refund or credit looks like.
Verified - 38Water
Checking a business water invoice
How business water and waste water charges are built up, what to check on each line, and why a leak is charged twice.
Verified - 39Bills and charges
Controlling utility cost across several sites
How to hold an estate as one record, compare sites fairly, and find the losses that only appear when a business runs more than one site.
Verified - 40Compliance
TM44 air conditioning inspections
What a TM44 inspection is, which air conditioning systems need one, the five-year cycle, and the £300 penalty charge for buildings without a valid report.
Verified PDF - 41Metering and data
New connections
Getting a supply to a site that does not have one. The order the stages run in, and why the timescale is set by the network rather than by you.
Verified - 42Metering and data
New meter connections
What happens once a supply point number exists. Contract, metering appointment, meter fit, in that order.
Verified - 43Contracts and buying
How the energy market works
What moves wholesale prices, what the forward curve is, and what the decision to fix now or wait actually depends on.
Verified PDF - 44Bills and charges
What really drives your electricity bill
Wholesale power is a minority of a typical business electricity bill. Every layer that drives the total, and what can and cannot be done about each.
Verified - 45Bills and charges
The small lines on your bill
AAHEDC, Elexon and BSC costs, RCRC and metering agents: what each line is, who sets it, and why only one of the four is genuinely negotiable.
Verified PDF - 46Compliance
Heat network regulation: who is actually caught
What changed in 2026, how registering now differs from the technical standards due in 2027, and a plain test for whether your site is a heat network.
Verified PDF
The standard
Every sheet, held to the same rules.
Sourced, not asserted
Where a figure is set by government or by a regulator, the sheet names the instrument it comes from.
Proposed is labelled
Where something is proposed rather than law, the sheet says so, so a decision is not taken on a consultation.
Board-pack PDF
Every sheet can be taken away with a cover page, a running head and the verification date on every page.
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